One is the distinction between remote and proximate matter (Met. To recover damages in a tort action, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant's negligence was both the "cause in fact" and the "proximate cause" of the injury. There is an apparent paradox with respect to Aquinas’s teaching on proximate and remote ends. On some occasions, he seems to assert that a proximate end specifies a human action, while the remote end is inconsequential. “Proximate matter” refers to how those things are used. The matter or Eucharistic elements. This cause is termed the "proximate cause" and all other causes being considered as "remote". Proximate and remote matter Aristotle does make some distinctions that might be thought to line up with the distinction between constitutive and preexisting matter. H4.1044a15–25, As we have seen, for Aristotle matter comes in different levels. “Remote matter” refers to things being used in a sacrament — the actual physical elements. The remote matter is the particular water used. We shall consider this aspect of the question first. (a) Remote matter. It is also usual to distinguish the remote matter and the proximate matter. The same cause and effect which would be considered proximate in one class of actions, the attendant circumstances being unchanged, would be considered remote in others. How that water is used is the proximate matter. It is also usual to distinguish the remote matter and the proximate matter. We shall consider this aspect of the question first. The meaning of the terms, proximate and remote, is contracted or enlarged, according to what is the subject-matter of the inquiry. In the case of baptism, the remote matter is natural and true water. There are two Eucharistic elements, bread and wine, which constitute the remote matter of the Sacrament of the Altar, while the proximate matter can be none other than the Eucharistic appearances under which the Body and Blood of Christ are truly present. It varies in different classes of actions. Proximate cause has been defined as "The active efficient cause that sets in motion a train of events which bring about a result without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source". Remote (17 Occurrences) Matthew 14:15 When evening had come, his disciples came to him, saying, "This place is deserted, and the hour is already late. In the case of baptism, the remote matter is natural and true water. In the situation envisaged Socrates and Callias would have the same remote or low-level matter (the same elements) but they might still have different proximate matter, since the proximate matter of a human being is his body. It is of faith ( de fide ) that true and natural water is the remote matter of baptism. Proximate matter definition is - matter ready for the reception of a form. In all sacraments we treat of the matter and the form. 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