Slag from ores that are mechanically concentrated before smelting contain mostly iron oxides and silicon oxides. The composition of the copper slag is as follows: Fe 2 O 3 35.3%, SiO 2 36.6%, CaO 10%, Al 2 O 3 8.1%, CuO 0.37%, MgO 4.38%, Na 2 O 0.47%, K 2 O 3.45%, PbO 0.12%, Zn 0.97%, and Cu 0.24%. (2009a) because of a possible compaction problem in concrete due to low slump and Sudarvizhi and Ilangovan (2011, 2012) for using copper slag in conjunction with ferrous slag. The difference between the two methods of production greatly influences its use in PC-based materials, with the quenched granular material having a greater demand than the air-cooled CS. 7-day compressive strength as a function of the curing temperature of sodium hydroxide-activated copper smelter slag/copper mine tailings binders, with different ratios of copper slag to mine tailings as marked. effect of Slag composition on copper losses to slag. The results of the two studies showed either marginal differences in strength (Figure 5.11) or conflicting results for varying replacement levels (Figure 5.12). The density of copper slag varies between 3.16 and 3.87 g/cm 3 based on the amount of iron content. Data from Gorai, B., Jana, R. K., & Premchand (2003). The amorphous content of the copper slags is high, approximately 30%. Overall impression of the effect of copper slag on the strength of concrete. The effects of CS replacing sand on the strength of concrete and mortar, with varying strength grade and replacement levels up to 100%, have been investigated in a large number of studies reported since 1989. Because of the limited data available in the literature for this option, no clear optimum level of CS can be identified in Table 4.3(a), but on average, the use of CS as a sand component gives a 5% increase in strength for CS concrete compared to normal concrete. 77, No. Quenched CS would be expected to outperform air-cooled CS when used as a cement constituent, based on its mineralogical composition and especially its amorphous material content (Chapter 3). 505 506 KOPKOVA et al. For every tonne of metal production about 2.2 ton of slag is generated. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores.The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes. The typical composition of smelting slags is Fe (as FeO, Fe 3 O 4) 30–40%; SiO 2 35–40%; Al 2 O 3 up to 10%; and CaO up to 10%. Analysis of compressive strength data presented in the literature by various studies. Figure 5.12. The objectives of this study were to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of particulate (red mud and copper slag) filled epoxy-bamboo fiber hybrid composites and present the comparison … Such use was common in areas where smelting was done, including St Helens and Cornwall[2] in England. The obtained trendline suggests that the strength of concrete increases with increasing CS content, up to 20%, and reaches a near-plateau situation of average 13% strength increase for 20 to 50% CS, beyond which the strength begins to decrease, and from 80% CS, it falls below that of the corresponding reference concrete. During smelting, impurities become slag which floats on the molten metal. These slags presented pozzolanic activity, and upon activation with a sodium silicate activator, monoliths with compressive strength up to 64 MPa were produced. When specimens were cured at room temperature, this strength was achieved after 90 days of curing, although increasing the curing temperature to 65°C led to a similar strength being reached after 7 days. Copper slag is … 0.009% Zinc (as Zn) : Approx. (also called Iron-silicate). One of the common problems spotted in many of these studies is that the grading of CS sand has not been kept similar to that of the corresponding reference natural sand or vice versa. Copper slag is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting. The ulti-mate analyses of each oil are shown in Table 2. Some physical and mechanical properties of copper slag are shown in Table 10.8. Under a constant water/cement ratio, with a given set of materials, and in the absence of particle size distribution data for the two sands, such a variable strength response with increasing CS content is most likely to be the outcome of varying particle packing, with the positive effect of CS as a sand material at a certain point (in this case up to 50/50 sand/CS content), being gradually eroded, and beyond a certain content (in this case 80% CS) it enters the negative field. Granulated copper slag is more porous and therefore has lower specific gravity and higher absorption capacity than air-cooled copper slag. Effect of air-cooled and quenched copper slag (CS), sourced from the same batch, on the compressive strength of mortars (CS 1 and CS 2 ground to 300 and 400 m2/kg, respectively). Rate of grit consumption, amount of dust generated, and surface finish quality are some of the variables affected by the choice of grit material. By its (a) chemical composition, the studied slag can be referred to as a low siliceous product (7.0–14.0% SiO ), which is characterized by an increased content of copper, iron, and nickel. Suitable for SA-3, … Mobasher, Devaguptapu, & Arino, 1996; Pavéz et al., 2004, Environmental Impact, Case Studies and Standards and Specifications, Alternative inorganic binders based on alkali-activated metallurgical slags, Sustainable and Nonconventional Construction Materials using Inorganic Bonded Fiber Composites. 7.13), depending on the curing temperature. Air-cooled copper slag has a black color and glassy appearance. Adapted from Piatak, N.M.; Parsons, M.B. The granulated slag (<3 mm size fraction) has both insulating and drainage properties which are usable to avoid ground frost in winter which in turn prevents pavement cracks. The blasting media manufactured from copper slag brings less harm to people and environment than sand. Slag that is quenched in water produces angular granules which are disposed of as waste or utilized as discussed below. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.009. The chemical composition of copper slag varies with the type of furnace. Copper slag is just one of many different materials that may be used as abrasive grit. 1.57% Iron (as Fe) : Approx. Abrasive blasting is used to clean and shape the surface of metal, stone, concrete and other materials. Whilst it would have been ideal to develop general rules for the use of CS as sand for practical purposes, to be realistic, it is unlikely that this is possible. Internationally the described media is manufactured in compliance with ISO 11126-3[1]. In this process, a stream of abrasive grains called grit are propelled toward the workpiece. This possibly explains the variations in the trends observed in the strength development of concrete with increasing CS content of the sand used. Due to rapid cooling, the melt generally consists of a fine grained mixture of different phases (Fig. Rinse thoroughly with water. This suggests common practice amongst the researchers when comparing two sets of concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 39 (2003), 299–313. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors.. As in all mining operations, the ore must usually be beneficiated (concentrated). This elucidates that it might be possible to utilize existing stockpiles of copper slags for producing alkali-activated cements, and to contribute to remedying some of the existing environmental issues associated with the disposal of these slags. The absorption capacity of the material is typically very low (0.13%). The smelting process in this company is facilitated in the reverberatory furnace with the annual capacity of 60 000 tons of anodic copper. GC, geopolymer concrete; HPC, high-performance concrete; HSC, high-strength concrete; MO, mortar; NSC, normal-strength concrete; W.R.T, with respect to. ISO 11126-3:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -- Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives -- Part 3: Copper refinery slag: Preparation of Steel Substrates Before Application of Paints and Related Products. Data from Gorai, B., Jana, R. K., & Premchand (2003). Copper slag is mainly used for surface blast-cleaning. Copper slag is mainly used for surface blast-cleaning. The strength of concrete can increase with CS content, Figure 4.6(a); The strength of concrete can increase with CS content up to a varying optimum level and then decrease with increasing CS content, but the strength of CS concrete remains higher than that of normal concrete, Figure 4.6(b), or goes below the normal concrete level, Figure 4.6(c); The strength of concrete can decrease with CS content, Figure 4.6(d). However, by adopting the equal consistence design basis, the advantage could have been gained by reducing the water/cement ratio, as in this case the consistence has been shown to improve with increasing CS content. The mineral composition is given in Table II. Before going into detail, it is worth appreciating that the reported experimental strength data on such a wide scale and over a period of time can, to an extent, vary between studies. The multiple extraction leaching tests indicate … 2). REACH Slags, copper smelting. 3). MineralTech CP Copper Slag Safety Data Sheet Prepared according to Federal Register / Vol. Due to the same reasons the granulated slag is usable as a filler and insulating material in house foundations in a cold climate. A recent study evaluated the feasibility of activating ancient copper slags from the north of Chile,69 and identified notable differences in the mineralogy and chemical composition depending on the slag source. Seek medical attention for abrasion. Copper slag is just one of many different materials that may be used as abrasive grit. While the former creates a material with more crystalline phases, the rapidly quenched slag allows producing a material with a more amorphous structure, which can then be used as a cement constituent (Walker and Pavía, 2011). This is helpful, as it supports the simple and empirical model used to explain the change in strength with increasing CS content. 3. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Except for three sets of results showing unduly high values [see footnote of Table 4.3(b)], all the data obtained over the period 1987–2015 given in Table 4.3(b) were used in developing Figure 4.7, with a box-and-whisker plot at each CS level created to visualise data distribution and determine outliers. Additionally, the test specimens that have previously been reported to have a stability issue in the fresh state (as discussed in Section 4.3.2) may suffer from poor compaction, and in such a scenario, the strength of concrete is likely to be affected by the inhomogeneity of the mix. Due to the agitated state of the bath, the matte and slag are periodically tapped out to- gether through a single taphole to either of two RHF via water cooled copper launders. The average composition of primary copper slag corresponds to 30–40 % iron, 35-40% silica, less than 10 % of alumina and calcium oxide and copper content is around 1 %Cu, similar to the ore mined. In this case, atomic adsorption, spectral, and X ray phase analyses. The replacement of copper slag by copper mine tailings reduced the compressive strength of the alkali-activated cements (Fig. by nelting coptr)er ore in oil-fired reverberatory furnaces. Fine copper slag has reportedly been used in HMA pavements in California and granulated copper slag has been incorporated into asphalt mixes in Georgia to improve stability. EC number: 266-968-3 | CAS number: 67711-92-6 | CAS number: 67711-92-6 Table 10.8. The copper is being produced from a copper concentrate containing around 30 - 35% of copper, iron and sulphur each along with around 12% of silica and 5% of calcium. General trends observed are summarised in Figure 4.6 and are described below: Figure 4.6. As refineries draw metal out of copper ore, they produce a large volume of non-metallic dust, soot, and rock. Copper slag can be used in concrete production as a partial replacement for sand. The granulated copper slag is made up of regularly shaped, angular particles, mostly between 4.75 and 0.075 mm (No. Collectively, these materials make up slag, which can be used for a surprising number of applications in the building and industrial fields. Overall, a polynomial regression is obtained, giving a correlation of 0.8087. Applications : Blastcleaning of steel and stone/concrete surfaces, removal of mill scale, rust, old paint, dirt etc. It has high friction angle due to a sharp angular shape. Returning to Table 4.3, where all the data have been deliberately presented in some detail so that the reader can perform his or her own analysis and evaluation and develop the use of this information in designing concrete mixes using CS. The petro-diesel was obtained from local petrochemical company and biodiesel was purchased from biodiesel production company, respectively. Furthermore, for a given consistence, taking advantage of improved consistence resulting from the use of CS, the material can even be used to develop high-strength concrete and possibly high-performance concrete as well. 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