Female British Comedians, Www Stibbards Co Uk Obituaries Donations, Sandwich Illinois Police Car, Articles W

b. brain stimulation. 148. Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. Consider hunger, and the associated rumbling of our stomach, fatigue, lack of energy, etc., that motivates us to find and eat food. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. Then write a few balanced statements such as the one the article suggests, Ive made some mistakes that I feel embarrassed about, but a lot of the time, I make good choices.. b. negative transference. Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. We may think so, but a review of the evidence for and against this statement will show that it does not and reduce how threatening it seems. Joanie has social anxiety. a. tertiary b. mutual-help c. cognitive-behavioral d. integrative behavioral. Still, we violate these values at times and experience feelings of guilt. Depression occurs with greater frequency in women than men. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. 137. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. For instance, Parkinsons disease is a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of muscle control and arises when cells in the substantia nigra, a long nucleus considered to be part of the basal ganglia, stop making dopamine. Skinner talked about contingencies or when one thing occurs due to another. Which theory is based on the idea that people constantly evaluate and give meaning to their lives through their actions? In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. Describe how the biological model explains mental illness. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. Is there merit to this view? The peripheral nervous system consists of everything outside the brain and spinal cord. d. show unconditional positive regard for the clients statements. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. Providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed. There are two main ways they can present themselves. 2.2.2. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. b. Freud. 107. Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 They are tied to experiences early in life. By pairing a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus (bell and food, respectively), the dog will learn that the bell ringing (NS) signals food coming (UCS) and salivate (UCR). Armed with this stunning revelation, Pavlov spent the rest of his career investigating the learning phenomenon. 101. When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. Flooding and desensitization are typical respondent conditioning procedures used with phobias, and modeling arises from social learning theory and observational learning. What are the three parts of personality according to Freud? 112. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego. It is most likely that his psychotherapist is a ____ therapist. Third, he relied solely on the reports of his patients and sought no observer reports. 2.3.2.5. The drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol. 120. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape 144. More on this throughout the book as we discuss each disorder. c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. This represents the individual pairings of a feared object or situation and relaxation. Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? Think of it as an If-Then statement. c. gestalt therapy. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. 141. Abnormal chemical activity in the bodys endocrine system relates to the release of: a. hormones. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. d. projection. d. disengagement. b. working through. Throughout this book, we will discuss several treatment strategies used to change unwanted, maladaptive cognitions, whether they are present as an excess such as with paranoia, suicidal ideation, or feelings of worthlessness; or as a deficit such as with self-confidence and self-efficacy. It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. A perfect run will not be possible because "I'm going to screw up!" The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu c. superego. Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. A patient has social anxiety disorder. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. None of the models are complete within themselves. a. multicultural b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive-behavioral, 136. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. Exemplify the effect of attributions on creating abnormal behavior. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: a. modeling. First, the response is made, and nothing happens. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. 113. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. Why is this? Once the electrical impulse has passed from one segment of the axon to the next, the neuron begins the process of resetting called repolarization. Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. D) Its symptoms, such as irrational beliefs, are a severe form of illogical thinking. Before the race begins, she thinks, "I won't be able to do this!" Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? 67. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. In the case of depression, low levels of serotonin are responsible, at least partially. b. classic Freudian psychotherapy. A primary focus of community-based mental health treatments is: a. education. A family systems theorist might suggest that Robin comes from a(n) _____ family. c. A boy is internally motivated to put forth his best effort on his science project. A person with a controlling mother is getting help. This form of learning is called: According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. Chapters 1,2,3,&4 Test Jeopardy Template Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. Thats all right. d. humanistic. According to Freud, consciousness had three levels (consciousness, preconscious, and the unconscious), personality had three parts (the id, ego, and superego), personality developed over five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital), there are ten defense mechanisms to protect the ego such as repression and sublimation, and finally three assessment techniques (free association, transference, and dream analysis) could be used to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. ABNORMAL CHAPTER 3 - Subjecto.com b. cognitive-behavioral Once collected or sensed (sensation is the cognitive process of detecting the physical energy given off or emitted by physical objects), the information is sent to the brain through the neural impulse. The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: a. id. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. The procedure in Panel C continued with the rabbit being brought a bit closer each time until, eventually, the child did not respond with distress to the rabbit (Panel D). The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? All this stage of learning signifies is that some learning is already present. c. relational psychoanalytic therapy. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. d. known risk and protective factors. c. resistance. 149. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. In Chapter 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? Finally, acceptance techniques help reduce a clients worry and anxiety. The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. d. case studies. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. Which of the following is NOT influenced by the paradigm to which an investigator subscribes? The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1906, 1927, 1928), a Russian physiologist, was interested in studying digestive processes in dogs in response to being fed meat powder. The ego has a challenging job to fulfill, balancing both the will of the id and the superego, and the overwhelming anxiety and panic this creates. 102. d. develop depression that requires hospitalization. His name is Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Since you dont have time, you decide to study only for the classes in which the teacher provided a study guide. b. a distorted view of the self. Freuds psychosexual stages of personality development are listed below. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. In Module 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. Clarify how environmental factors affect mental illness. Its popularity has declined since the 1960s and 1970s. A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. This approach stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. b. develop depression even when not under stress. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. 31. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freuds-patients-serial/201201/bertha-pappenheim-1859-1936. 92. In a general sense, a model is defined as a representation or imitation of an object (dictionary.com). The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. c. deep brain stimulation. Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. The second part of personality emerges after birth with early formative experiences and is called the ego. On the other hand, if we see a sibling constantly getting in trouble with the law, then we may not model this behavior due to the negative consequences. 91. a. to lessen the power of thoughts b. to stop the client from comparing himself or herself to others c. to decrease internal negative self-talk d. to increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way. For more on these techniques, visit http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/. Low socioeconomic status has been linked to higher rates of mental and physical illness (Ng, Muntaner, Chung, & Eaton, 2014) due to persistent concern over unemployment or under-employment, low wages, lack of health insurance, no savings, and the inability to put food on the table, which then leads to feeling hopeless, helpless, and dependency on others. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. First, you can use cognitive restructuring, also called rational restructuring, in which maladaptive cognitions are replaced with more adaptive ones. b. behavioral-focused The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the: A. Cognitive model B. Humanistic model C. Behavioral model D. Biopsychosocial model E. psychodynamic model. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors.