Lorre Luther a reformed lawyer from the United States, she moved to the Netherlands to follow her dream and become a writer. You can certainly speak to the people who are currently looking after the dog. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Doberman pinschers are powerful, energetic dogs that need lots of exercise. Whatever your dog does, it shouldnt be interrupted by sending it into a room where he cant see a thing. Royal Guardian Cane Corso Texas. Shih Tzu Schnauzer Mix (Schnau-Tzu) Dog Breed Info & Pictures, The latest veterinarians' answers to questions from our database. Cane Corso Doberman Mix: Guard Dogs & Watchdogs, Cane Corso Doberman Mix: Guarding Instincts, Doberman Pinscher Cane Corso Mix: Exercise Needs, Cane Corso And Doberman Mix: Health Issues, The Three Things Every Cane Corso Doberman Mix Owner Must Know, Cane Corso Doberman Mix Food Requirements. As the name implies, cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disease in which the dogs heart muscles weaken and cannot function properly, leading to reduced heart performance. Theyre equally as sweet, but they have less potential health []. Male Cane Corsos are generally more inclined to actively react to situations they perceive as threatening than females. Who is stronger fox or wolf? Email: Senzatempocanecorso@gmail.com. Being as large as they are, Cane Corso Doberman Mixes need plenty of high-protein diets to nourish their bodies. Stay on top of cat food recalls here >, Have a dog? It is typically more stubborn and dominant. The Cane Corso projects confidence and power, a capable protector of . Its the dander that causes severe allergic symptoms in people sensitive to dogs. Suffice to say, the Cane Corso Doberman Mix will be a large dog with a solid bite and a short, smooth coat. Welcome to DogLeashPro. Avoid feeding them too much food at once or going for a run with your pet right after theyve eaten, as they have large deep chests and are therefore prone to developing bloat. March 2, 2021. Not many people know this cross exists, and hardly any breeder deals in these mixed dogs. Meaning, the strong guarding instincts will kick in and show their power in this hybrid dog. As long as your Corso Doberman puppy is still a puppy, you will have some difficult times. As you can see, their lifespan is almost the same. Dobermans are usually rust-colored on their bellies with black, blue, red, or Isabella on their back, neck, and head. The Cane Corso Doberman Mix may be lean and lightly built or stocky and muscular. Herms grew to be huge, but he had a beautiful temperament. Typically, a dog that size would need 2.5 to 3.5 cups of high-quality dog food every day. Many Cane Corso owners recommend feeding this dog two meals a. day, spaced about twelve hours apart. (Potcakes are mixed-breed street dogs/wild dogs, on the island where we live. Boerboel The Boerboel is also known as the African Mastiff. Never at any time has there been a problem between any of them. If you're looking for an active dog to take on hikes or runs with you, this mix is a great choice! We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Can Cane Corsos live with other dogs? Using interviews with 4 top Cane Corso breeders, best-selling author Vanessa Richie has created an in-depth look at what it REALLY takes to successfully live with, raise, and train a Cane Corso. Just born Cane Corso Doberman puppies. Check out our cane corso doberman selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. They are establishing leadership, alpha and beta, positions on the totem pole, whilst avoiding fighting. A couple of years later, we got our second Cane Corso puppy. The Cane Corso parent has an average lifespan of between 10 to 12 years. They also require a fair bit of exercise, although dogs with more Cane Corso-like physiques and temperaments may need slightly less exercise than more Dobermanesque pets. She has hip dysplasia and, at a little over 13 years old, her legs are a bit wobbly and she sometimes struggles a bit to get around. Obesity is one of the biggest problems. Blood transfusions are the only treatment. If you would like to a a couple pics of an outstanding example of this unique breed please let me know. Browse search results for animal cage Pets and Animals for sale in Mississippi. The first thing you need to understand about these designer dogs is that theyre not really dogs. Some breeders are catering to a segment of the market that wants a dangerous-looking dog. Being clearly in control of a well-socialized and trained dog can go a long way toward increasing others comfort around these large, powerful animals. A true family endeavor, Royal Guardian Cane Corso Texas is in the business for the love of the dog breed. This hybrid dog is a very serious one, highly intelligent, sensitive, and has an excellent memory. Speak with your veterinarian to determine if your pet should eat a large breed formulation or take joint supplements. These dogs should have food with lots of fish oil, glucosamine, and chondroitin supplements. Similarities and differences between Cane Corso vs Doberman Pinscher. Neither of these breeds sheds excessively. My best friend was looking for a guard dog for her family and decided to get a Cane Corso Doberman Mix. His life work was later continued by Otto Goeller and Philip Groening. lighter.Dobermans are substantially lighter than Corsos but around the same size. We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Like Maud, he was brindle. Have a cat? . In hyperthyroidism, the dogs thyroid gland stops producing enough thyroxine hormone. So you want to know what the best family guard dog is? You should know that Cane Corso Doberman mix dogs require brushing a few times a week. https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/cane-corso/. Combine that with the size and strength of the Cane Corso, and the fact that you specifically want a dog that will get on well with other dogs. A Cane Corso Doberman will need 45 to 60 minutes of exercise twice a day no days off. But they are usually not intending to hurt one another. If you accidentally offend them by raising your voice or hitting them, they will remember. All dogs, no matter if theyre purebred or not, have equal chances of developing certain genetic health problems. Polokwane Pietersburg, Limpopo. There was never any problem. A new dog owner may not possess these qualities, which is why the Cane Corso Doberman Mix is best suited to experienced dog owners. Wobblers syndrome is a hereditary condition affecting Dobermans. It is a large dog, and it does look intimidating, but this shouldnt stop you from getting a Cane Corso Doberman mix puppy. Corso Dobies love keeping things under control. Alternatively, if a Cane Corso Doberman Mix takes after its Doberman Pinscher parent, it may have a significantly low prey drive. And, at different times, they have even lived with cats. Unless exceptionally well socialized and trained, Cane Corsi are inclined to chase small animals. Her stocky and muscular dog was a lifesaver when an intruder almost broke into her house in the middle of the night. Expect your Cane Corso Doberman Mix to inherit one of these coat colors based on the appearance of its parents. How Much Do They Sleep? Dogs who are fed one large meal a day, who eat and drink rapidly and then exercise vigorously are at risk of developing bloat. Maud was standing over Phyllis, gripping her by the throat. Taken. People often assume theyre military or police dogs, and you might have seen them in movies as security dogsand for a good reason. This intelligent, athletic, powerful, and ruthless guard dog became popular among dog enthusiasts, who named it the Dobermann Pinscher after its founder. Now Let's Get Into The Differences of These Dog Breeds. Doberman Pinschers were the 16th Most Popular Breed in the US in 2021. So one day, we hear a kerfuffle, and we find Phyllis lying on the floor with her legs in the air. So, throughout this article, temper what is being said with the requirement to observe and control the behavior of your dog, and adjust where necessary. From the beginning, humans purposefully bred dogs to . Husky history. Hip dysplasia: This is an inherited condition in which the thigh bone doesnt fit snugly into the hip joint. The parents are not registered but will have proof with DNA tests soon! They require frequent physical activity to stay healthy and centered. We do not accept money for editorial or reviews. Just remember that dogs are individuals, and not all dogs, even of the same breed, will fit the mold. How Should I Introduce My Puppy to a Dominant Dog? The way you treat, train and interact with your dog will be the biggest factor in his development. Providing a home for a dog is a beautiful thing. This condition shows up in Dobermans, and dogs suffering from it experience excessive bleeding even after minor injuries. It's used for personal protection, as a watchdog, tracking, and as a companion dog. Cane Corsi and Dobermans have a few breed-specific conditions that any Cane Corso Doberman mix can inherit and develop. Also, the owner must be a leader and show leadership skills to make the dog understand hes not the pack leader. But this is particularly important with a big dog, because out-of-control behavior potentially carries more consequence with a large breed. Both were bred as guard dogs, so they tend to be dominant and sometimes aggressive toward people and other animals without proper socialization and obedience skills. If you click this link and make a purchase, we earn a commission at no additional cost to you. This is a muscular dog but less bulky than most other Italian Mastiff breeds. Were sure you and your Cane Corso Doberman mix will find true friends in each other. The duo created the Doberman breed we know today. Gather up and provide proof of your pet's medical records (i.e. If you keep your Cane Corso at an appropriate weight, you will surely expand its lifespan. Cane Corso Doberman mixes can be loving and devoted companions. The breeder should provide an excellent or good certificate from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) or hip scores from the University of Pennsylvania (PennHIP) and clearances from the Canine Eye Registry Foundation. We at Pupvine strive to make it easier for YOU, so you can make your dogs life just PAW-fect! Because Cane Corso Doberman mixes are so big, they can sometimes knock over smaller children. RELATED: Doberman Pitbull Mix (Complete Guide). Cane Corso vs Doberman: 4 Key Differences The main differences between a Cane Corso and a Doberman are size, appearance, temperament, and origin. No violence, nobody got hurt there was never actually any physical contact. Hypothyroidism is another Cane Corso disease. Many become quite attached to and protective of children they know and regularly interact with. Asking $3,500 for either gender depending on witch color price will vary. As first-generation hybrids, Cane Corso Doberman may have similar variations. Still, they need training to be disciplined and safe around people who arent a threat. Gastric dilatation-volvulus is the medical term for bloat, and it is a looming threat for broad-chested canines like the Cane Corso Doberman Mix. Maud put up with this, while she was a puppy. Its characterized by an expansion or widening of the heart chambers, resulting in an abnormally large heart. They have lived with males, females, their own breed and other breeds. An animal or a person who is clearly accepted by the owner will be accepted by the Cane Corso as a result. Thats why youll find many Cane Corsos, Doberman Pinschers, and their mixes in shelters. And how is a Cane Corso with other pets? With access to many dog breeds, Doberman aimed to create a dog that would be ideal for protecting him during his collections as he was always in danger of being robbed. Puppies learn faster, and with dominant breeds like Cane Corsi and Dobermans, early training gets things started on the right foot as far as future learning skills are concerned. Does This Breed Get Along With Other Pets? Its perfectly possible to have your animals living in harmony, but a lot of it is down to you, and what your animals perceive that you will accept or not accept. However, mischievous children running all over the place, making high pitched noise could trigger his prey drive and cause him to get after them. Be prepared to shell out a good amount on food, as Cane Corso Doberman mixes can eat anywhere from 3 to 5 cups of kibble per day. Considering that the Doberman ranks as one of the most aggressive dog breeds, you have a big responsibility on your hands with the Cane Corso Doberman Mix should you choose to have one. A black and rust Doberman sitting in a flower field. Read This First, Will My Cane Corso Protect Me? Strong willed, likes to chew on metal and rocks. If you think you can deal with all that, and you need an excellent guard dog that will make your property off-limits to trespassers and intruders, the Cane Corso Doberman Mix is a fantastic dog to have around. You will also need to clean and wash your dog quite often. And the owners sharp command to settle down or similar will quickly convey the owners wish to stop whatever is going on. The Doberman Pinscher can live between 10 to 13 years if you take them for regular checkups, look for genetic disorders, and take good care of them. However, they still suffer from common dog health issues. Unfortunately, von Willebrands disease is currently not curable. Female Cane Corsos are 23-26 inches tall, and weigh 85-99 pounds. Boxer dogs adapt well to lifestyle changes and different living environments. The Cane Corso Doberman mix is a very loving dog, despite what you might think. They don't quite match Rottweilers in the weight category but they can weigh in at anything from 99-110lbs for the males and 88-99lbs for the females. Featured Image Credit: Left Cane Corso (Didkovska Ilona, Shutterstock) | Right Doberman (Nikolai Tsvetkov, Shutterstock). While theyre not a danger to their human owners, they will behave coldly with strangers and would often snarl or growl when they get too close for comfort. Intense games like frisbee and flyball provide fun, an excellent workout, and lots of human-canine bonding time. How to Neutralize Dog Urine Odors 5 Proven Methods! Cane Corso Doberman mixes can be good family pets, particularly if theyre well-socialized as puppies and have solid obedience training. Do Cocker Spaniels Bark A Lot? A dog bite can be a serious injury, and this breed has a very heavy bite pressure at 700PSI. Cane Corso Average height (adult): 23-28 inches Average weight (adult): 100-110 pounds Lifespan: 10-12 years Exercise: 30+ minutes a day Grooming needs: Light Family-friendly: Yes Other pet-friendly: Often Trainability: Intelligent, loyal, eager to please Doberman Average height (adult): 2-28 inches Average weight (adult): 70-100 pounds However, the cross has distinctive physical features that separate them from its parents and may be visible to keen-eyed dog enthusiasts. Like the Cane Corso, males tend to grow to around 27 inches, with females around 25-26 inches. Most Doberman Corsos will be 24-28 inches tall, and weigh 65-110 pounds. The Cane Corso is more muscular and less bulky. If you use our links to buy something, we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Currently living in Rotterdam, Lorre enjoys traveling and reveling in the astonishing beauty of our planet. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Cane Corsos can be black, brown, fawn, red, gray, chestnut brindle, black brindle, or gray brindle with a possibility of white markings appearing on the throat, chin, or chest. The affected dog may suddenly wake up or fall asleep for no reason. On the other hand, Dobermans were always quite intimidating because of their looks. These first-generation hybrids can exhibit qualities inherited from both parents, but Cane Corsi and Dobermans have a few traits that overlap, making it likely any mix of the two will have similar characteristics. Cane Corso VS Doberman - Who is stronger? Those activities dont have to be anything extra special. Hence the name of the dog breed. What you have to take care of if you have a puppy is to stop them from becoming obese. Careful socialization and obedience training from a young age are essential for this breed. Dogs respond best to positive reinforcement, so make sure you use this approach. But most can become great running or biking partners if given enough time to get fit. Good temperament, loving and good guard dog for family home. Consider this your first and only warning before disaster strikes. If you skip vacuuming today, it will catch up with you tomorrow. Dobermans often do fairly well with cats, particularly ones they grow up around. Secondary inflammation is common. Cane Corsi and Dobermans are quite intelligent, and mixes between the breeds usually are as well, but Cane Corso Doberman mixes may be a bit stubborn and willful without solid early training. Cane Corsi have double coats and usually shed more during the early spring and late fall. You can expect German Corsos to be similarly built and possibly even more massive. If youre interested in the Cane Corso and Doberman Mix, this article is for you! Not cat tested. CANE CORSO! An un-cropped ear is easily wounded, and ear wounds will bleed heavily. Youll need consistency and determination to get them on the right path. Phyllis was living wild, semi-feral, when we rescued her. Large breeds with deep chests are most at risk for developing GDV, a potentially fatal condition that occurs when dogs eat too quickly or exercise right after eating. Harsh training methods, raised voices, and punishment can lead to canine stress and aggression. Obviously, youd want these dogs to heed your commands, or they can be really problematic. Hypothyroidism is another condition that Dobermans are at a higher risk for. These dogs are calm and laid-back both at home and in public when trained well, and their loving nature makes them affectionate members of the family. Hepper is reader-supported. Cane Corso German Shepherd Mix: This Dog Will Fascinate You, Cane Corso Husky Mix And Other Common Cane Corso Mixes, [] Cane Corso Doberman Mix: Dobercorso [], Cane Corso Rottweiler Mix: A Tough Hybrid With A Soft Heart, [] but Cane Corso mixes (like those with Boxers, Great Danes, Bulldogs, German Shepherds, Pitbulls, Dobermans, Bullmastiffs, Huskies, Labradors, or Poodles) are always more [], Isabella Doberman: You Wont See This Rare Color Often, White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: So Similar, Yet So Different, [] puppy, maybe you should check out some of the Doberman mixes, i.e., the Doberman Pitbull mix or the Cane Corso Doberman mix. If you havent cropped the dogs ears, youd need to check for excessive wax buildup from time to time. Lorre Luther. The Cane Corso Labrador, Cane Corso Doberman, and Cane Corso German Shepherd Mix are some really good mixes to have. They dont like boredom. Many people go for big, intimidating dogs just for their looks and abandon them when it becomes evident they dont have what it takes to handle them. 3. My name is Linda and I love dogs, travel, and great food. Large dogs usually have a shorter lifespan. Firstly, think about dog behavior in general. If you're looking for a Cane Corso that will live well with other dogs, make sure you are not dealing with a breeder who produces dogs with an aggressive attitude. CaneCorsoDogOwner is reader-supported. And female Cane Corsos tend to be easier to train than males, as theyre less likely to test your limits. Once again, this is a large dog that needs a serious approach. For more info, check out our about us page. What we do know is that its a neurological condition in which the dogs circadian rhythm becomes severely erratic. The doberman part was quite interesting! Cane Corsi and Dobermans do best when socialized early, so they learn how to behave around strange people and other animals. Tolerates Being Left Alone. The Cane Corso dog breed is prone to many health issues. ADN-547217. Cane Corso Doberman Mix exercise requirement, Cane Corso Doberman Mix grooming and cleaning. These dogs take scolding and punishments too hard. The Cane Corso is a moderately adaptable dog breed. If you suspect your dog has a bloated stomach, you should react immediately. Their average life expectancy is 10 to 12 years for the Corso, and 10 to 13 years for the Doberman. Cane Corsi and Dobermans have strong protective tendencies, but both breeds typically behave quite well with children they know and consider part of the family. No, Cane Corso Doberman Mix is not hypoallergenic. Neither the Cane Corso nor the Doberman is a hypoallergenic breed, and their dander, fur, and saliva can cause problems for those with dog allergies. The Cane Corso Doberman Mix can learn to tolerate other canines in the house. Cane Corso Dobermans mixes have profound guard dog heritage, so they can be protective and territorial. Just make sure the breeder is clear about what kind of life your new puppy will be living, and in what environment. Today, docking and cropping are controversial practices, and many countries have banned them. If they are not exercised, they are more likely to become irritable or even aggressive. Which is bigger wolf or Great Dane? The Doberman Pinscher was bred for guarding and protecting its owner, and it is excellent in that role. They age faster, and theyre more prone to certain health issues. And incredibly agile. In a dog which grows to in excess of 100 pounds, this becomes a serious issue. However, we recommend you consult your vet to know exactly how much your dog needs. A Doberman Pinscher Cane Corso Mix may only have subtle differences since both its parents are so similar. 3. Males will grow to 25-28 inches tall, and weigh 90-120 pounds. Dont laugh. Siberian Husky . It takes strength, both physical and mental, to control this big and powerful dog. Apartment living is impractical for this mixed breed dog who will need constant opportunities to burn off excess energy and are also likely to cause damage in a confined space. A huge blow, coming out of the blue. Both were bred as guard dogs, so they tend to be dominant and sometimes aggressive toward people and other animals without proper socialization and obedience skills. Todays crossbreed under the spotlight is the Cane Corso Doberman mix. Doberman set out to breed a new type of dog that would be the perfect combination of speed, strength, endurance, loyalty, intelligence, and ferocity. The Mastiff can reach 26.7 inches (ca. In fact, the less they shower, the better. . These dogs are sensitive to sunlight and can suffer from cancer and many eye problems. Extreme symptoms are neck pain and paralysis of the legs. When this saliva dries, it gets airborne. An energetic dog is an excited dog, and people around you wont be too pleased with a huge Cane Corso Doberman running loose near them. This way, this dog will grow up to be comfortable around people and other pets. My Dog Ate Chocolate! Based on that, we can safely assume that a Cane Corso Doberman Mix will have the same lifespan of about 10 to 12 years. Cane Corso, 3 years old. This mix is a very high energy dog. Hypothyroidism: This is a disorder of the thyroid gland. Cane Corso Doberman mixes often have a nice combination of mellowness and athleticism, making them wonderful companions for those looking for a reasonably laid-back protective dog. Can a wolf mate with a dog? males can grow to an astounding 70 cm (nearly 28 inches) at the withers. Cane Corso Doberman mixes will likely exhibit the same protectiveness and territoriality as their parent breeds. Theyre best suited for experienced dog owners able to provide consistent, clear, loving guidance. AmericanListed features safe and local classifieds for everything you need! Please keep watch on this post for pregnancy announcement! Cane Corso you are the decedent of a mighty legacy, working dogs that guard, herd and hunt the Italian countryside. Looks and Lifespan. Learn more. Some dogs show pain and lameness on one or both rear legs. Cane Corsi and Dobermans both have sex-driven physical and behavioral differences. Sometimes this can be alarming to us humans, as dogs growl and snap at each other. We also require no show contracts or co-ownership for what we consider our higher quality Cane Corso puppies for sale. In fact, it's not unusual for a Dobe Shepherd to weigh upwards of 100 pounds. Maud spent a few weeks being grumpy and grouchy towards Olive, and rejecting all interaction. Von Willebrands Disease reduces the bloods ability to clot. publicads.co.za 30+ days ago. Baths should be done on a schedule and not too frequently, or youll dry out their skin. Despite its mean appearance, the Cane Corso Doberman Mix is a very sensitive dog. Find a a puppy in Essex on Gumtree, the #1 site for Dogs & Puppies for Sale classifieds ads in the UK. The Doberman Shepherd combines two of Germany's finest working dogs, that is, the German Shepherd and Doberman Pinscher. 1 During the 20-year government study period of 1979 to 1998, 2 238 dog . Here are the qualities you can expect when raising a Cane Corso dog, on a scale of 1 paw (low) to 5 paws (high). Some suggest that male Dobermans are also more difficult to train due to their easy distractibility. Are you thinking of. They will guard your property against other dogs and people. They need to be active and challenging. What's a dog breed? Create a video Make a video of your pet showing it as a part of your family. Dog DNA Test for Breed ID and Health Detection, Our Rating Of The Top Retractable Dog Leashes , 5 Best Rope Dog Leashes Reviews and Comparison , Leash Training: How to Train Your Dog to Walk on a Leash . There are many reasons why I do not agree with the cross-breeding of these two magnificent breeds. Cane Corso dogs don't always adapt well to either kids or other dogs. Depending on whether you want a male Cane Corso or a female one, the price could differ. But with proper socialization, both make wonderful family dogs. So in this category, if you have kids or other dogs, you will have to work closely with a DobeCorso breeder to find the right puppy for you. Date : 13. You're getting into potential difficulty. If you have the time and the experience, Cane Corso Doberman mixes can make wonderful, attentive companions. Herms would stay by her side, however long it took. Next, you should consider the breed characteristics of the Cane Corso dog in general. Be prepared to invest plenty of time and effort in rewards-based training to get the most out of any Cane Corso Doberman mix, as harsh training techniques have the potential to increase stress-related aggression. You dont need to exhaust them completely; your dog just needs to be calm and composed after their exercise session. Pictured are the two most deadly dog breeds in America: pit bull terriers and rottweilers. it's for true Cane Corso lovers- full of real world advice on how to make the most of Your Cane Corso's life and journey together! Because large dogs frequently suffer from joint problems such as hip and elbow dysplasia, many veterinarians recommend adding supplements such as chondroitin, MSM, and glucosamine to their diets. The Cane Corso Doberman Mix is not a heavy shedder, but you still need to brush them at least once a week to keep loose fur under control. The Cane Corso Doberman mix is an intelligent dog, but it sure can be stubborn and demanding. Doberman and Doberman Pinscher. Dogs with hip dysplasia shouldnt be bred. Calabria Cane Corso Address - 8866 Rutland St, Detroit, MI 48228, United States Phone - +1 313-737-3192 Website - No Website Cane Corsos of West Michigan Address - 6088 Pointview Ct, Newaygo, MI 49337, United States Phone - +1 219-873-4717 Website - No Website Clayton Hill Neapolitan Mastiffs Hopefully, your Cane Corso Doberman Mix will be healthy, but you should still know about and be aware of the following health issues. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. You shouldnt let your Cane Corso Doberman dog dominate the family and put himself in charge. Color mutant alopecia: This is a condition associated with blue or fawn coat colors. Pit bulls and rottweilers accounted for 76% (397) of these deaths. Fun Fact: The Cane Corso German Shepherd Mix is also a great guard dog. As we mentioned before, the Cane Corso Doberman mix is a cross between two excellent guard dogs. The Cane Corso is a medium to large size mastiff-like dogsturdy, muscular, largeboned, and athletic. This crossbreed wont shed as much as his parents do, but youll still need to brush them as they are heavy shedders. Our Cane Corsos have lived with dogs who were bigger, dogs who were smaller, dogs who were older and dogs who were younger. Can a pitbull beat a Cane Corso? Wobblers syndrome: This is an inherited condition that causes spinal cord compression caused by cervical vertebral instability or affects the malformed spinal canal.