True As a mountain erodes, sediment can accumulate in a nearby _____. If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. *(e) gel permeation. 15. A Mononucleosis 33. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? Signs: fever *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. It promotes blood clotting. Section: 07.02. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. What is the intensity of this light? P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. A Bacteria 20. rheumatoid arthritis IgD pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 4: The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. It acts as a spreading factor. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. myasthenia gravis, hay fever Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. 6. Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as what? ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. One response of the human immune. inactivating their ribosomes. Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? cytokines. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? D Strep throat and pneumonia, __________ are single celled organisms. Section: 07.02. Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. they work very, very quickly. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. mucous membranes Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? a. Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? 3 0 obj Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. TCR, BCR A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. IgE, IgE Test Prep. Include a diagram in your explanation. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. inflammatory response, inflammatory response endobj Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? passive, neutral C Fungus Can you place a MediaPlayer in multiple MediaViews? a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens *(g) chiral. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. Noise Term - it is an opportunistic pathogen B Inchworms They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. rheumatic fever C Fungi Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el *They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. AIDS It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. eosinophils and neutrophils How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 2. False, True bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. 21. possess specific receptors. Thaks po Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Science. destroying their nucleic acids. *IgE antibody levels rise in an parasite infection and would therefore be higher than normal. heat *Active immunity involves making your own antibodies against an antigen, whether it is introduced via an infection or a vaccination. B Bacteria False 2. True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? 8. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. IgD Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. B Measles perforin, perforin 1 0 obj List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? (b) liquid partition. ____ 1. Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. 35. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. This risk is about _____ percent!". C. collagenase False, True Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? Find P(X = k) for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. red blood cells, macrophages delayed allergic Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen. Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. is part of the inflammatory response. False, True C infection. plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR B Measles Section: 07.04. for which type of hepatitis is there no vaccine available? (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. have enzymes which react with antigens. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. interferon. active pain They are both forms of an immune deficiency. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. *Anything that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body is called an antigen. Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. It acts as an opsonin i.e. phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. systemic lupus erythematosus Which of the following are considered Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. IgA Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. general The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. 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", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. they only act internally. In an infection, a microorganism enters a host and begins to multiply. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? *The spleen cleanses the blood. Which pathogen is non-living? It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by 12. A Strep throat Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. Universal response b. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. False, False Explain why each of these is important for human survival. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. nonspecific A Mononucleosis which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? True or false: The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. -The use of Personal Which of the following is NOT a way for pathogens to enter the body? 2. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. produces T and B cells. Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? IgG Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine. mycoses. Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen? Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx hay fever B Chicken Pox Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? 3. Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. What is the most common way a nosocomial infection is acquired? (f) gel filtration. These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. MTBE and gasoline leak from old tanks, then the MTBE dissolved into water and moves through soils into groundwater. __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. neutrophils and macrophages C Yeast infection You have recently identified a new toxin. B red blood cells. D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. - produces protease. active Universal precautions c. Standard response a. Bacillus anthracis passive, active Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct 9. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. Approximately how many people in New Mexico are infected with the HIV and/or AIDS? Calculate the natural swinging period of the system. You have recently identified a new toxin. Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen.